Spatial filtering

SpatialFilter cleans the source points before interpolation. It removes invalid rows and, when enabled, global outliers and local spatial outliers, using a global-then-local approach developed for high-density agricultural data (Maldaner et al., 2018; Maldaner and Molin, 2020).

You usually do not need to call it yourself. apbase.Map runs the filter internally before comparing interpolation methods. Use SpatialFilter when you want to inspect the filtered data or tune the filtering stage.

from apbase.filtering import SpatialFilter

spatial_filter = SpatialFilter(
    filter_level="light",
    max_neighbors=120,
    cell_factor=3,
).fit(x, y, z)

x_filtered, y_filtered, z_filtered = spatial_filter.filter()

use apbase::filtering::{FilterLevel, SpatialFilter, SpatialFilterOptions};

let mut spatial_filter = SpatialFilter::new(SpatialFilterOptions {
    filter_level: FilterLevel::Light,
    max_neighbors: 120,
    cell_factor: 3,
    ..Default::default()
})?;
spatial_filter.fit(&x, &y, &z)?;

let (x_filtered, y_filtered, z_filtered) = spatial_filter.filter()?;

What it does

Filtering happens in two passes:

1. Global IQR pass (optional, apply_global_iqr=True by default): one interquartile-range check over the source data removes extreme readings, such as sensor faults, before spatial checks begin. This follows the global filtering step in (Maldaner et al., 2018).
2. Local pass: each point is compared with nearby points within radius, capped at max_neighbors. filter_level controls how strict the local threshold is, following the local filtering steps in (Maldaner et al., 2018).

Parameters

x, y : array_like : Source coordinates passed to fit. SpatialFilter does not convert longitude/latitude: pass projected coordinates, in the same unit as radius.

z : array_like : Source values. Must have the same length as x and y.

radius : float, optional : Local search radius. If omitted, a variogram is fitted and range / 3 is used.

filter_level : {"light", "moderate", "strict", "aggressive"}, default "light" : Local outlier threshold, from loosest to strictest.

apply_global_iqr : bool, default True : Run the global IQR pass before local filtering.

max_neighbors : int, default 120 : Neighbor cap per point for the local pass. 0 uses every point within radius.

cell_factor : int, default 3 : Speed setting for the neighbor search. Points are indexed in square cells of size radius / cell_factor; higher values give smaller cells, so fewer out-of-range points are scanned, at the cost of more cells in memory.

dedup_radius, dedup_z_tol : float, default 0.0 : Optional duplicate handling for dense GPS logs. Leave disabled unless repeated near-identical points are causing local variance collapse.

Reading results

After fit, you can inspect the result in three ways:

• filter(): filtered (x, y, z) arrays (only the points that passed).
• mask(): boolean keep-mask aligned with the original input.
• statistics: per-point diagnostics (pct_diff, local_z, local_prob) for every input point, including ones that were dropped.

Duplicate-heavy sources

Point sources with many near-duplicate coordinates, such as repeated GPS fixes in high-frequency yield-monitor logs (Maldaner and Molin, 2020), can collapse local variance toward zero and create gaps after filtering. dedup_radius and dedup_z_tol collapse near-duplicate clusters to one representative only while building local neighborhood statistics. Every input point is still scored individually. Leave both at 0.0 unless you see this pattern in your data.

See apbase.filtering.SpatialFilter in the API reference for every parameter, including the less commonly tuned ones (candidate_fraction, global_iqr_whisker).